Report warns of climate-change threats to tourism

By Michelle Baran

A new report by the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) highlights threats from the impact of global warming to which the U.S. travel industry should be paying close attention.

Last month, UCS, an independent alliance of science analysts, undertook an in-depth study of the current and future impact of climate change on 30 at-risk historical and archaeological sites in the U.S. The group’s findings were released in a report titled “National Landmarks at Risk: How Rising Seas, Floods and Wildfires Are Threatening the United States’ Most Cherished Historic Sites.”

What UCS found was that rising sea levels, coastal erosion, increased flooding, heavy rains and more frequent large-scale wildfires are in some cases causing irreparable damage to archaeological sites, historical buildings and cultural landmarks across the U.S., and, if not addressed, could ultimately result in the total loss of many sites that are popular tourist attractions.

The report coincides with President Obama’s anticipated announcement this week of a politically controversial plan to crack down on power plant emissions.

In an interview last week, Adam Markham, director of the Climate Impacts Initiative at UCS and one of the report’s co-authors, said, “Climate change has become a lightning-rod political issue, and we were trying to depoliticize it by showing how seriously it impacts places that all Americans care about. For us, it was a way to take the politics away froLiberty Island damagem climate change.”

It is difficult to take politics and controversy out of the climate change debate. Skeptics disagree with scientists who claim that increased carbon emissions in the atmosphere are resulting in severe global warming. Yet the threats to the sites researched by UCS are well documented, whether or not one believes they are directly attributable to climate change.

The report is a collection of some 30 case studies of national parks, monuments and historical and archaeological landmarks from around the country, including the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island, Boston’s historical districts, the Harriet Tubman National Monument, Historic Jamestown, NASA Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral National Seashore, Bering Land Bridge National Monument, Mesa Verde National Park and Cesar Chavez National Monument.

“The area where it’s almost clearest that climate change is having an impact is from sea level rise,” Markham said. “So as the seas rise, that means we get more coastal flooding, and when storms hit, we get more storm surge.”

According to UCS, that possibility became a reality in 2012 when Hurricane Sandy submerged most of Liberty and Ellis islands, causing an estimated $77 million in damage to those sites alone and forcing parks officials to shut them down until the following year.

Jamestown Island in Virginia is another cause for alarm, according to Markham. With predictions for sea-level rise estimated at 3 feet or more by the end of the century, he said, the site of the first permanent English colony in America, which sits at 3 feet above sea level, is at risk of being submerged.

Fort MonroeIn Alaska, melting sea ice has given way to erosion of the coastlines of Cape Krusenstern National Monument and the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. And in the Western states, climate change is increasing the risk of large wildfires by driving up temperatures, reducing winter snowpack and drying out forests, according to the report.

The goal of UCS in releasing the report is to raise awareness about the impact of climate change in general, but it is also a call to action for the support and preservation of sites that are or soon will be at risk and around which a robust and lucrative tourism industry has been built.

The hope, said Markham, is that observers will take a more serious look at the threats and take action to prevent the worst from happening.

Remediation could mean anything from moving actual landmarks — as was the case with the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in North Carolina, which in 1999 was moved 2,900 feet from the spot on which it had stood since 1870 to avoid the threat of coastal erosion — to creating new sea walls or building up existing sea walls and sand dunes to protect important natural or historical sites.

For people interested in getting involved, Markham suggested offering money or in-kind support to organizations that work to protect such sites.

But he also noted that the larger objective for UCS is working to reduce carbon emissions and slowing the speed of climate change. For the travel industry, Markham suggested working to find ways to reduce the industry’s footprint with more sustainable travel practices and using travel’s influence as a way to raise awareness of the issue.

Climate scientists point out that the threats brought to light by the report are not unique to the case study sites but rather are issues that face destinations both within the U.S. and throughout the world. And they note that similar concerns are going to crop up with more frequency and greater urgency as significant cultural, historical and natural treasures increasingly are threatened by changing climate conditions.

“I talked to an archaeologist in Rome recently who was involved with how the recent floods in Europe are impacting some of the Roman remains, including at Pompeii,” Markham said. “And the World Heritage Sites within Unesco, they’ve also been looking at these impacts. So I think there’s a growing realization around the world that this is a major issue for both ancient and modern historic sites.”

Guest Post: A tale of two airlines and tech’s role in the battle for customers

By Travolution

By Travolution

By Boyan Manev, vice-president business development and product marketing at airfare search solutions firm Vayant

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. At least for two of Europe’s largest low-cost carriers, who are now looking to refresh the low-cost model as competition for the customer is set to intensify.

The rise of the low-cost carrier made millions of people into frequent flyers and shook up the airline market with powerful price-led offers and a no-frills approach to service.

In the drive to cut ticket prices, these innovative carriers basically invented the unbundled model, where everything beyond the point-to-point fare – from onboard meals to hold baggage and allocated seating – came as an optional extra: otherwise known as an ancillary.

The low fares enabled by unbundled ticketing won over passengers, particularly in the leisure market. And it certainly made a big impact on aviation, to the extent that the global industry is formally embracing ancillaries via the New Distribution Capability (NDC) process being pushed by Iata.

But in the rush to reduce ticket prices, one low-cost carrier, Ryanair, showed signs of leaving the customer behind. Ryanair took its price-led offer seriously, even [apparently] floating the idea of all-standing flights or charging passengers to use onboard toilets. Anything to push down the price of a basic fare.

Customers were prepared to sacrifice a degree of comfort for cheap flights and Ryanair’s unrelenting focus on low fares had propelled it to the status of Europe’s largest airline.

But it seems customers would only put up with so much (and, increasingly, they could find great value fares and a good end-to-end experience on network carriers and innovative hybrid models like Lufthansa-Germanwings).

In a sign that customers were falling out of love with Ryanair’s very aggressive price-led model, the carrier announced its first profit warning in a decade in September, quickly followed by a second profit warning.

In contrast, Ryanair’s rival easyJet was announcing a 51% jump in pre-tax profits – and it all came down to the customer.

While Ryanair had clung to its price-led positioning, easyJet had taken a different direction, introducing a number of customer-friendly innovations. First came allocated seating on all flights, fast-track security for holders of flexi-fare tickets and an attractive inspiration-driven online shop (InspireMe).

Together, these technology-enabled improvements meant easyJet’s customers could tailor a better travel experience, and be satisfied they were still getting a budget price. This gave the easyJet brand a new appeal to older and more affluent leisure and business customers: a profitable segment who previously refused to even contemplate flying easyJet.

The easyJet story shows that the low-cost carriers are opening a new front in the battle for the customer, introducing more choice and a more customer-shaped experience. (And where easyJet led, Ryanair is now following and has announced a raft of measures to make life easier for customers.)

As we’ve argued here before, NDC will move the whole aviation industry towards greater flexibility. Airlines will gain the ability to package and fine tune the customer experience with more precision than ever before, and offer it across more channels.

The growth opportunity is clear – but, as the tale of easyJet and Ryanair shows, to realise the opportunity airlines will need to take advantage of technology tools to deliver choice, value and quality.

Today’s demanding customers want more than a great price – they also want a great experience.

Which? poll reveals best and worst of airlines

By Phil DaviesWhich? poll reveals best and worst of airlines

Thomas Cook Airlines has landed second-bottom in an annual poll of members of consumer watchdog Which?

British Airways sister carrier Iberia hit the bottom of the table in the survey of 12,000 Which? members’ flying experiences with a 28% customer score, 9% lower than Thomas Cook Airlines.

Ryanair (32%) fared little better, gaining just a one star rating for luggage allowances, boarding process, legroom and the quality of food and drink.

However, the airline has since announced changes including a move to allocated seating and a reduction in baggage fees from January.

Guernsey-based minnow Aurigny Air Services (87%) topped of the short-haul table achieving four stars for elements like boarding process, legroom and punctuality.

Swiss International Air Lines (82%), Norwegian (79%) and Turkish Airlines (75%) completed the top four.

Air New Zealand and Singapore Airlines came joint first (87%) for their long-haul flights with both airlines gaining five stars for in-flight entertainment, food and drink, flight punctuality and value for money.

Which? executive director Richard Lloyd, said: “Our survey reveals the massive variation in the standard of airlines. Once you’ve chosen your destination, it pays to pick the airline that will get you there without any dramas.”

Responding to the survey, Christoph Debus, chief executive of Thomas Cook Airlines UK, said: “The Which? Airline Satisfaction Survey results are in stark contrast to the high levels of satisfaction our customers tell us about.

“From our own survey – which takes the views of over 900 times more of our customers than the Which? report – we have customer satisfaction scores of 87% rating their flight as either excellent or good for their holiday this summer.

“This is set to increase as we improve our fleet further – we’ve very recently taken delivery of the first of many brand new Airbus A321 and a new A330, which are already taking short and long haul customers on holiday, By 2016, we will have replaced 50 per cent of our UK fleet and for the rest the cabins will be completely renewed.

“It’s impossible to see how this survey offers consumers a like-for-like comparison when Which? is comparing airlines with completely different product offerings that appeal to completely different customers – including, for our package holiday customers, where the priority is getting them to their holiday on time.”