8 Best Cruise Ships for Sea Days

8 Best Cruise Ships for Sea Days

The Sun Sets on a Cruise Ship at SeaWhen Royal Caribbean’s gargantuan Oasis of the Seas debuted, people wondered if anyone would bother to get off the ship in port, as it could take a week to try out all the onboard activities. With 25 dining options, 21 pools and hot tubs, multiple live performances (including an ice rink and diving show) and seven “neighborhoods,” the ship practically guarantees that no one will have trouble finding something to do.

But you don’t need to sail on a 5,400-passenger ship to get the most from your days at sea. Any ship will do if you’re content to spend your onboard time passed out on a sun lounger. But if you want the right mix of activity and relaxation options, it’s key to pick the right ship — and the right itinerary. It would be a shame to get all psyched up for sea days, only to find out your cruise only has one. Look for a good balance of sea and port days, and if you truly love time at sea, book an ocean crossing for a whole string of consecutive sea days.

Now that you know what to look for itinerary-wise, here’s our selection of the best ships for days at sea. We chose our favorites based on their variety of onboard attractions, both indoors and out, to keep folks entertained. They also include plenty of daytime dining options.

1. Norwegian Breakaway
Passengers Relax in Norwegian Breakaway's Spice H2OOn Deck: Norwegian Breakaway is on a mission to keep passengers entertained, and there’s no reason to give up the sun to have some fun on Norwegian’s largest cruise ship. Adrenaline junkies should head to Decks 15 to 17, where they can try out four waterslides in the ship’s Aqua Park. (Little ones have their own Splash and Play Zone.) Drier adventures await at the rock-climbing wall, mini-golf course, sports court and the Spider Web (a six-story climbing cage), as well as the new-to-Norwegian Sky Trail, a ropes course where you can bounce on a bungee trampoline, swing on a zip line and walk the “plank,” which is cantilevered over the side of the ship.

Breakaway has the standard pool-lounge-hot tub areas, but it also features the adults-only Vibe Beach Club with hot tubs and oversized, padded loungers, and Spice H2O with a huge LED screen, bar, waterfalls and shallow pools.

Indoor Fun: The spa on Norwegian Breakaway offers all the usual treatments but also has a thermal suite that features steam rooms, a dry sauna, Vitality pool, hot tubs, heated tile loungers, salt rooms (for improving respiratory and skin problems) and even waterfalls. The large fitness center has all you need for working off those sea-day snacks. Classes include TRX, Flywheel, Fight Klub and Rockettes-inspired workouts.

At the crossroads of entertainment and dining, improv group Second City has devised a murder-mystery lunch event called Presumed Murdered, in which passengers play detective from salad to dessert. And little ones will get their sea days started right at the Nickelodeon Character Breakfast, where they can meet SpongeBob and Dora and have their pictures taken over green-slime pancakes. Norwegian’s huge kids club features more Nickelodeon-themed activities in addition to games, arts and crafts, and play areas, while teens get a hangout packed with couches, foosball, flat-screen TV’s and a D.J. simulator.

For virtual bowling or other video games, drop by the ship’s atrium with its giant, two-story Wii screen.

All-Day Dining: Norwegian’s Freestyle Dining concept means passengers can find plenty of dining options at all hours of the day, and Breakaway has 27 restaurants. There’s always Norwegian’s indoor-outdoor buffet area, and O’Sheehans doles out hot breakfast items and typical pub food with a side of (mini) bowling. One of the complimentary main dining rooms will also offer a sit-down lunch each day, or you can grab some seafood treats for takeaway at Ocean Blue on the Waterfront. An a la carte noodle bar makes for a more exotic lunch, or you can get room service — and pizza — delivered to your cabin.

Sisters: Breakaway was joined in 2014 by sister ship Norwegian GetawayNorwegian Epic was our previous sea-day winner for Norwegian and is still a top choice for onboard fun, as are Norwegian’s Jewel-class ships (JewelGemPearlJade).


2. Carnival Breeze
Passengers enjoying drinks at the Red Frog pub on Carnival BreezeOn Deck: The coolest feature on Carnival Breeze‘s upper decks is SportSquare, an outdoor workout-and-play area that includes a two-level mini-golf course, billiards and foosball tables, outdoor cardio stations, basketball courts and a running track. Its centerpiece is the SkyCourse, where passengers don harnesses and run, swing and tiptoe through eight segments of an elevated ropes course.

If you’re looking to get wet and wild, skip the tiny Beach and Tides pools and head to WaterWorks. Tots can waddle around a splash park, speed demons can choose from two waterslides, and everyone can cool down with the Power Drencher, a massive bucket that, when full of water, dumps it contents on folks waiting below. Adults looking for respite can relax in the kid-free Serenity area, with its own bar, whirlpools, shaded double loungers and hammocks.

Indoor Fun: Carnival’s ships emphasize outdoor activities, but Ocean Plaza is the hub for indoor fun on Carnival Breeze. Groove to some live music, or compete for a Ship on a Stick during trivia games at the stage. If you get the munchies or the thirsties, the Plaza Cafe patisserie and Plaza Bar will meet your needs.

Otherwise, you can sneak away to the Cloud 9 Spa for some “me” time. There are a thermal suite and thalassotherapy pool — in addition to the salon and treatment rooms — but they tend to be more convivial than sedate.

All-Day Dining: Carnival’s Lido Deck buffet is one of the best around. Food stations include a comfort food setup (mac ‘n’ cheese, meatloaf), a deli (featuring made-to-order sandwiches) and a Mongolian wok station. Above the buffet is Carnival’s Italian venue, Cucina del Capitano, which offers a free pasta bar at lunch. Also on the pool deck, find Guy’s Burger Joint, with its calorie-laden burgers and fries; the BlueIguana Cantina, serving burritos and tacos; a 24-hour pizza parlor; and Tandoor, for Carnival’s signature Indian food (curries, grilled meats and fish).

The Blush main dining room offers open seating for breakfast and lunch. Choose from club sandwiches, Caesar salads, pasta dishes and burgers for your midday repast. The Punchliner Comedy Brunch features teasers from the ship’s comedians and dishes like huevos y carne (a Mexican-style steak-and-eggs dish) and breakfast burritos.

On Deck 5, even more eateries await. Bonsai Sushi is Carnival’s first stand-alone, sit-down sushi venue. Fat Jimmy’s C-Side BBQ plies passengers with grilled sausage and chicken, pulled pork and jalapeno cornbread. The RedFrog Pub offers a bite and a beer with a bit more hip factor. Done up in kitschy island decor with giant TV screens, it serves mini-meals like grouper fingers, conch fritters and roti (for a fee), as well as the house brew, ThirstyFrog Red ale. Musicians perform live, starting in the late afternoon.

Sisters: Sisters Carnival Dream and Carnival Magic have many of Breeze’s attractions but are missing some of the aforementioned dining and drinking establishments.


3. Allure of the Seas 


The Aquatheater on Allure of the SeasOn Deck: The world’s largest cruise ship, Allure of the Seas, challenges anyone to be bored onboard, given its large variety of on-ship activities and attractions. The top deck has three pools (including a sloped-entry pool and one for games like pool volleyball) and the H20 Zone, a colorful aquapark with a giant water-spraying octopus, a kiddie pool and a pair of family-friendly hot tubs. A thalassotherapy pool can be found in the glass-covered Solarium.

The ultimate in water fun are the ship’s two FlowRider surf pools for standup surfing and boogie-boarding. If you’re not up for public humiliation, grab a drink, find a bleacher seat and enjoy the wipeouts in shaded comfort. Allure also sports a zip-line, two rock-climbing walls and sports courts for basketball, Ping-Pong and mini-golf.

The deep Aquatheater pool does double duty as a venue for scuba lessons and a stage for whimsical performances that feature acrobats and divers. If you can’t get a seat, look for standing room on public balconies by the rock-climbing walls.

Indoor Fun: Allure’s neighborhood concept includes two areas that are technically within the ship but open to the sky. Take a nature stroll through Central Park, which is covered in some 12,000 plants and 60 trees. You can pop into shops like the Coach store and a Romero Britto boutique, and grab a bite at the Park Cafe or a drink at the Trellis Bar. Or head to the more boisterous indoor-outdoor Boardwalk, with its build-a-pet shop, a kids clothing store, candy shop, ice cream parlor, floating bar, various eateries (see below) and Zoltar, an animatronic fortune teller. One lovely touch there is the handmade carousel, which is free to ride. If you’re traveling with kids, keep an eye out for clowns and balloon animal artists strolling by.

For true indoor shopping, the Royal Promenade is sized like a real mall — it runs the length of a football field. There you’ll find tax- and duty-free shops for liquor and jewelry purchases, a Starbucks, the Rising Tide bar (which travels up and down three decks between the Royal Promenade and Central Park), a Guess store and other retail options. Activities like flash-mob dance classes and parades with Dreamworks characters and colorful costumes take place there.

Royal Caribbean’s top-of-the-line shows aren’t just reserved for the evening. Catch matinees of its ice-skating shows as well as midday showings of Broadway spectaculars such as “Chicago.” Other daytime entertainment options include recent 3D movies from the DreamWorks cache (in the specially equipped Amber

All-Day Dining: You can’t go hungry on Allure of the Seas. Beyond lunch in the Windjammer Marketplace buffet and Adagio main dining room, passengers can find lunch at Sorrento’s Pizzeria; the Park Cafe, serving up salads and sandwiches; the Boardwalk Dog House with its seven varieties of wieners; the Wipeout Cafe for burgers and chicken with a view of the onboard sports action; the Vitality Spa Cafe or Solarium Bistro for yogurt parfaits, healthy sandwiches and other light fare; Vintage for tapas; Giovanni’s Table for casual Italian; Johnny Rockets, a fast-food burger joint; Rita’s Cantina, a Mexi-Cali beach bar with a la carte food; and the Cafe Promenade for snacks and sandwiches. And don’t forget all the empty calories you can consume with midday cravings for ice cream, donuts and cupcakes.

Sisters: Elder sibling Oasis of the Seas is nearly identical, minus a few show, shop and restaurant variations.


4. Disney Fantasy
People on the Aqua Duck water slide onboard Disney FantasyOn Deck: The much bally-hooed main attraction ofFantasy‘s upper decks is the AquaDuck, the first watercoaster at sea. It’s more kiddie fun than big thrills, despite the track’s precipitous swing 13 feet out from the side of the ship — and its 42-inch height requirement that leaves little siblings pouting. Behind the Duck’s entrance is a water play area called the AquaLab, guaranteed to leave you soaking wet.

Fantasy’s pool areas have something for everyone. The Mickey Pool with waterslide is kid heaven, Donald’s Pool gives front-row seats to the giant outdoor movie screen, Nemo’s Reef is the toddler splash area for the diapered set, and Quiet Cove is the adults-only pool area. An additional adults-only sun deck features a splash pool and rain curtain. The requisite all-purpose sports court, mini-golf, walking track and Ping-Pong tables make an appearance on the Sports Deck.

Indoor Fun: You might have a serendipitous run-in with your favorite Disney character or princess, or you can find them at scheduled meet-and-greets. The whole family can play detective with a mystery game that places clues in hallway art that magically comes to life when you pass by; on Fantasy, there’s a version that features the lovable Muppets.

Disney’s kids clubs are some of the biggest and best in the industry, keeping the under-18’s from whining too much on sea days. The Oceaneer’s Club and Oceaneer Lab have play areas straight out of Pixar movies such as “Toy Story” and “Monsters, Inc.,” interactive high-tech MagicPlay Floors, an animator’s studio and a sound studio. Tweens can hang out in the ship’s faux funnel where there’s an 18-foot-tall video wall, video karaoke and computers with a ship-specific social media app. Teens get a 9,000-square-foot club that includes a fountain bar and its own outdoor space with a sun deck and wading pools. Even the Senses Spa — which offers the usual adult pampering treatments — has a teens-only area with age-appropriate treatments.

Kiddos with credit cards (or generous parents) can go for sea-day splurges at the Bibbidy Bobbidy Boutique. At this salon-cum-costume shop, tykes can be transformed into princesses and pirates — with hair-styling, makeup and wardrobe — for a fee.

All-Day Dining: Cabanas, on Deck 11, is the all-day buffet, while Flo’s Cafe has quick eats like burgers, chicken fingers, wraps and pizza. For more formal, sit-down repast, try the Versailles-inspired Enchanted Garden or the Royal Palace, a venue that pays homage to Disney’s favorite princesses. Grownups can sneak away to brunch at Palo, which offers a cold buffet (meats and cheese, shrimp, salads, desserts) and a selection of hot made-to-order items (omelets, fish); afternoon tea is served there, as well.

Sisters: Disney Dream, Fantasy’s elder sibling, is a near twin, but Dream is lacking the AquaLab, Muppets mystery game, Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique and the new adults-only sun deck.


5. Queen Mary 2


Sitting in the Planetarium on Cunard's Queen Mary 2On Deck: With much of its time spent sailing back and forth across the Atlantic, Queen Mary 2 can offer lots of sea days — but the weather won’t always be the best for top-deck sunning. Still, the ship does have multiple pools, including the Terrace Pool, the Sun Deck Splash Pool on the top of the ship, the all-weather Pavilion Pool with a retractable dome, and the Minnows Pool for kids.

Sports facilities include a basketball court, a paddle-tennis court and a Ping-Pong table in the Pavilion pool area. Or get old-school with shuffleboard and deck quoits. The promenade deck loops around the ship for a midday walk.

Indoor Fun: While you can certainly laze around all day, QM2 makes it possible to imbue your sea days with culture and learning opportunities, offering an excellent enrichment program. Cunard Insights explores historical and contemporary issues presented by explorers, academics, former politicians, musicians, historians and filmmakers. Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts actors teach acting workshops, and Julliard musicians offer jazz appreciation workshops when they’re onboard. Presenters from the Royal Astronomical Society talk stars and solar systems, and you can even stargaze during the day with a film in Illuminations, the only planetarium at sea.

Not enough for you? The Cunard ConneXions program offers a wide variety of programming, from computer workshops and watercolor-painting to wine-tasting and ballroom dance lessons. Plus, you can join a shipwide book club for literary discussions or just browse in the well-stocked library onboard. If you’d rather pamper your body, QM2 is home to one of just a handful of Canyon Ranch SpaClubs at sea. The two-deck facility includes the spa itself, where you can indulge in massages and other, more exotic treatments. One of the highlights of the space is the Aqua Therapy Centre, which is equipped with an aqua therapy pool, a whirlpool, reflexology basin, sensory showers, Finnish sauna, aromatic steam room, herbal sauna and ice fountain. Stylists at the Beauty & Skin Care Centre will beautify your hair and nails as you gaze out to sea, and you can get your heart racing with a variety of gym equipment at the Fitness Centre.

All-Day Dining: Passengers can enjoy daytime dining in their assigned main dining rooms (Britannia, Princess Grill or Queens Grill). Britannia is open seating at lunch, while Grill passengers have assigned tables. The buffet restaurant, Kings Court, is located on Deck 7 instead of by the pool. There are actually four different themed areas in Kings Court: The Carvery (roasted meats), La Piazza (pasta), Lotus (Asian) and Chef’s Galley. By the pool, you can dine on typical grill fare at the Boardwalk or soups and sandwiches at the Pavilion.

For a lunch splurge, the Todd English alternative restaurant serves up sophisticated fare for $20 a person. Another popular but free alternative dining area is the ship’s Golden Lion Pub, serving authentic pub food like bangers and mash, fish and chips, and shepherd’s pie. It was completely redesigned during a 2012 shipwide refurbishment.

Traditional tea service can be found in the Queens Rooms, where waiters and waitresses serve tea, finger sandwiches, pastries, and, of course, scones with clotted cream. You can also find a more casual, self-service afternoon tea in Lotus at Kings Court, and Grill passengers can take their tea at the exclusive Queens Grill Lounge.

Sisters: Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth share some of QM2’s dedication to enrichment programming, but they don’t have all the bells and whistles (no planetarium, for example).


6. Crystal Serenity
Playing paddle tennis on the top deck of the Crystal Serenity cruise shipOn Deck: Crystal Serenity is a great ship for those who appreciate an outdoor stroll onboard, because it makes more use of its wraparound promenade than most cruise ships. Its Walking on Water program utilizes cotton vests that have pockets for weights, so walkers can increase their resistance training when striding around the promenade deck. Motivational music and day-by-day walking programs are part of the package. And if you’re into walking accessories, you can ramp it up with complimentary LEKI USA walking poles for a low-impact, full-body Nordic Walking workout.

For more leisurely pursuits, stretch out on one of the long couches or oversized circular “pod beds” that surround the main Seahorse Pool and catch some rays. You can perfect your golf game at the onboard driving nets and putting green — with or without a lesson from the ship’s pro — or try a game of shuffleboard. A very Crystal pastime is paddle-tennis, and there are two full-size courts due to the demand.

Indoor Fun: Crystal is one of the best lines for onboard enrichment with its dynamic Creative Learning Institute. You can educate yourself in a range of subjects, including foreign languages, art, computer skills, music and cooking. If you’d rather kick back with a coffee or cocktail and listen to an expert, you can attend lectures on topics like political science, current affairs, food and wine, astronomy, art and antiques. Crystal often adds themes to its sailings — such as golf, big-band music, football, politics and emerging artists — with activities to match.

All-Day Dining: If you’re a fan of afternoon tea, you’ve hit the jackpot on Crystal Serenity. The superb afternoon teas are held in the serene Palm Court, with live music, white-gloved waiters and a variety of teas, scones, finger sandwiches and other treats. The ship is also known for its themed afternoon teas: During the Mozart Tea, waiters dressed in period costumes serve Austrian specialties, while a classical quartet plays music by — you guessed it — the famous composer.

For a real meal, you can find sit-down fare in the Crystal Dining Room, sandwiches at the casual Bistro, a wide selection of dishes at the Lido Buffet, casual dining with waiter service at the poolside Tastes and burgers at the Trident Grill.

Sisters: Crystal Symphony also focuses on learning at sea, but it’s slightly older and smaller than Crystal Serenity.


7. Celebrity Reflection
The Lawn Club on Celebrity Reflection Has Private Cabanas Called Alcoves

On Deck: Celebrity Reflection — and its Solstice-class sisters — puts a new spin on top-deck fun with the first real grass lawns at sea. While the actual lawn area of the Lawn Club on Reflection is a bit smaller than on some of its sister ships, it is still the perfect spot for a sea-day picnic, a game of bocce or oversized Jenga or a barefooted stroll, feeling the grass between your toes. Plus, eight private cabana alcoves are available for rent for those who want shade and a bit more privacy.

Reflection also has one of cruising’s most inviting pool decks. Parents can take the kids into the shallow family pool, while everyone can join the games in the sports pool. Vertical fountain jets spray visitors to the Wet Zone, a fun place for water play or a quick cool-down. The adults-only Solarium invites with a circular spa pool, a swim pool and two whirlpools, as well as comfy padded loungers, circular daybeds and hammocks. Hot tubs are scattered throughout.

Indoor Fun: Celebrity’s enrichment program, CelebrityLife, runs the gamut from intellectual lectures by Smithsonian Journeys speakers to the less serious mixology and dance classes. On the brainy side, take advantage of Celebrity’s partnership with Rosetta Stone for language learning and Apple for computer and technology workshops. The library onboard is small but picturesque; if you can find an empty seat, you might just want to curl up there with a book.

Foodies can learn about wine-and-food pairings, compete in culinary contests and join expert-led wine-tastings — or independent ones. Passengers can conduct do-it-yourself wine-tastings at the Cellar Masters wine bar with its automatic wine dispensers. If you like to kick it at a convivial watering hole, the Martini Bar is a great sea-day afternoon hangout. The enthusiastic bartenders will mix you brightly colored concoctions while juggling martini shakers and performing other fun tricks. (Hint: Order two “flights” to find out exactly how many martinis your bartenders can pour at one time.)

The gym at the spa offers all the newest fitness machines as well as a serpentine jogging track. Work out on your own, or sign up for a class in yoga, aerobics and the like.

All-Day Dining: Celebrity has one of the best buffets in the biz, and the Oceanview Cafe is an expansive multistation venue for lunch and all-day snacking. Choices include a carving station and taco, pasta, stir-fry, sandwich, soup, salad and other specialty stops. For less healthy fare, pick up some burgers and hot dogs at the Mast Grill; for healthier choices, drop by the AquaSpa Cafe in the Solarium for salads and grilled seafood.

If you don’t mind forking over a few bucks for your lunch, Bistro on Five does breakfast, lunch and dessert crepes, as well as panini sandwiches, soups and salads. The Porch, located in the Lawn Club, provides pressed sandwiches and soups at a la carte pricing. If you’ve got a sweet tooth, hit the Cafe al Bacio & Gelateria for a sweet ending to your meal.

Sisters: Reflection is the last in the Solstice Class; SolsticeEquinoxSilhouette and Eclipse are all great sea-day choices. The biggest differences are in the specialty dining venues and Lawn Club attractions.


8. Regal Princess


Buying Gelato on the Regal Princess Cruise Ship

On Deck: You can choose whether you want your in-the-sun lounge time to be active and fun or quiet and calming aboard Regal Princess. If you like a little action with your tan, the main pool area on Deck 16 is for you.

At the Fountain Pool, you can be a joiner with fun activities such as ice-carving demonstrations and silly games, or rock out to the music performances. You’ll also find lots of lounge chairs here, perfect for taking in a movie with the giant Movies Under the Stars screen looming above.

For a more Zen sea day, shell out for a coveted spot in the Sanctuary, the adults-only sun deck, which also features its own swimming pool. You can recline on an extra-plush lounger while stewards fetch drinks and healthy snacks for you. Forgot your iPod? Borrow an MP3 player with Bose headphones that’s loaded with playlists.

There are also two pools onboard that are quieter than the main pool deck venues. The adults-only Lotus Spa Pool features a therapy soaking pool, while the tiny Terrace Pool overlooks the ocean at the very aft of the ship and is a calming place for a dip.

Indoor Fun: The heart of Regal Princess is the Piazza, the atrium where street performers sing, dance, juggle, do magic tricks and perform acrobatics while you chill with a coffee, cocktail or cookie.

Princess’ ScholarShip@Sea program doesn’t take itself as seriously as the “edutainment” offerings of lines like Cunard or Crystal. Sure, you can learn about computers and art history, but the program also encompasses scrapbooking, wine-tastings, cooking demos and dance classes.

And there’s always the Lotus Spa. Relax with a massage or facial, or get high-tech with acupuncture, Botox treatments, detoxifying wraps or teeth-whitening. For some indoor relaxation, head to the Thermal Suite, with its sauna, aromatherapy steam rooms and hot-rock beds. If paying for a thermal suite will only make you more tense, know that fee-free saunas are located in the spa locker rooms.

All-Day Dining: One of the more original lunch options on Regal Princess is the English-style pub lunch at the Wheelhouse Bar. The menu offers cottage pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, or a ploughman’s lunch. Lunch is free, but you’ll need to pay to wash it down with a Guinness.

Looking for a main dining room experience for breakfast or lunch? You’ll find it in the Concerto dining room. You can also find casual dining options in the Piazza. On Deck 6, you’ll find Alfredo’s with its selection of tasty thin-crust pizzas, salads and pastas. One deck down, the International Cafe has the feel of a European sidewalk cafe, and offers coffee, morning pastries, tea sandwiches, light salads and snacks. Food is free, unless you want a fancy dessert, like chocolate fondue with fruit for dipping, chocolate-covered strawberries or gelato (all for a small fee). Sweet toothed penny-pinchers need not fret: Every afternoon there’s a free cookies-and-milk break. (Don’t want to leave the pool? The crew bring cookies by the pool deck, too.)

Balcony cabin residents can sleep in and order the Champagne Balcony Breakfast ($28 per person), complete with pastries, fresh fruit, quiche and a split of Champagne. It’s elegantly served on your private balcony.

Other daytime dining venues include the Horizon Court and Horizon Bistro buffets; the Trident Grill for burgers, hot dogs or chicken sandwiches; and poolside venues for pizza and ice cream.

Sisters: Royal Princess, which is almost identical to Regal Princess but does not have the aft pool. An outdoor play area for kids takes up that aft space on Royal.

New Orleans negotiating deal with Norwegian Cruise Line

By Tom Stieghorst
The Port of New Orleans is closing in on a second multi-year commitment with a big cruise line, having just secured one with Carnival Cruise Lines for the next five years.

The port is in the final stages of negotiating a new agreement with Norwegian Cruise Line, port director Gary LaGrange said.

LaGrange said he hopes to have an announcement on a four-year deal in the next 30 to 60 days. “We’re right at the goal line,” he said.

If LaGrange can strike a four-year deal, it would likely give New Orleans a compliment of three big ships doing turnarounds in the Big Easy through at least 2018.

Carnival is the busiest cruise carrier out of New Orleans, which has two terminals in the heart of the city and is working on a third. Currently, it sails the 3,652-passenger Carnival Dream and 2,052-passenger Elation on mostly western Caribbean itineraries.

A new agreement provides that Carnival will keep at least the capacity it already operates in New Orleans through 2019, namely a Dream-class and Fantasy-class vessel.

Power hungry

Power hungry

By Tom Stieghorst
Power HungryWhen the Carnival Triumph is firing on all cylinders, its six massive Wartsila-Sulzer diesel engines generate enough electricity to power 60,000 to 70,000 average homes.

But after a fire in February charred electrical cables passing through the engine room, they couldn’t generate anything.

The Triumph limped back to port under tow, able to muster only minimal emergency power that left passengers with few of the basic comforts they had anticipated on a cruise.

Increasingly, cruise ships rely on onboard-generated electricity for everything from propulsion to fresh water to cool air. And when cruises are spoiled or canceled, more often than not something electrical is to blame.

Just this year, cruises have been canceled or cut short on ships ranging from the Carnival Dream to the Sun Princess for electrical issues. The Triumph and Celebrity Cruises’ Celebrity Millennium have been taken out of service for weeks, resulting in multiple canceled voyages and significant red ink on operational balance sheets.

In the latest example, the three-month-old Royal Princess suffered a Sept. 22 blackout in the Mediterranean and had to end a 12-day cruise after nine days to make repairs.

One of two engine rooms on the Carnival Triumph.For travel agents, electrical breakdowns mean processing refunds for upset clients and rebooking other tickets at reduced fares if prices fall, as they did after the Triumph incident.

The cruise industry, and Carnival in particular, is responding by adding and rearranging equipment to provide better fire resistance and more redundancy when things go wrong.

Carnival Corp. alone has budgeted between $600 million and $700 million to pay for such changes across its brands’ fleets.

“Reliability is extraordinarily important to our industry,” said Mark Jackson, Carnival Corp.’s vice president for technical operations.

After the Triumph fire, Carnival Corp. performed a vulnerability analysis of its fleets and found that some of its ships were susceptible to the same flaw that felled both the Triumph and, in 2010, the Carnival Splendor.

Like the Triumph, the Carnival Splendor suffered an engine fire that left it without propulsion. Although the fires had different origins, they both burned cables that ran across the ceiling from one engine room through the other to an aft switchboard.

Fire-damaged cables aboard the Carnival Splendor after a 2010 fire.Both ships have two engine rooms and can run with one engine room shut down. But when the cables were burned, none of the engines could connect with the motors that drive the propellers.

“While we had a large number of diesel generators still operational, we were unable to provide power to the ship,” Jackson said. “So we are going to reroute the cables that run from the forward engine room through the aft engine room [and] that could cause a potential vulnerability.

“If we lose one engine room, we don’t want to lose the other,” Jackson said.

The rewiring has been completed on the Triumph and the Carnival Sunshine, he said, and is under way on other Carnival ships as needed.

Though propulsion is the most important use of electric power on modern cruise ships, it is far from the only one.

When the Triumph lost power, it also lost the ability to run the ship’s air conditioners, elevators, stoves, refrigerators and even the pumps that drive the water and sewage systems, meaning the toilets didn’t work.

The loss of passenger comforts was perhaps the biggest reason why the Triumph fire became so notorious in media reports and why Carnival suffered such a drop in demand in the weeks following the incident.

Air conditioning is a particularly big power user on modern cruise ships, where giant compressors draw dozens of megawatts of power through medium- to high-voltage lines.

Marine air conditioning chillers are rated at up to 1,600 tons, compared with 2 to 5 tons for home units.

Especially while in Florida or the Bahamas, air conditioning uses about half a cruise ship’s power supply while in port, and about a third of the electricity it generates at sea, Jackson said.

The main engine room controls on the Carnival Triumph.Propulsion consumes another one-third of the 60 to 70 megawatts of electricity a Carnival Cruise Lines ship produces. The rest goes to “hotel tasks,” a term that covers everything from lighting to galley equipment to guest services computers to water desalinization gear.

The grounded, three-prong outlets in cabins that passengers use for hair dryers and clock radios draw electricity from the same generators that drive the ship.

“Our refrigerators are a lot bigger. Our stoves are a lot bigger. Our washers and dryers are a lot bigger,” Jackson said. “But in general, we basically have the same functions you’ll find in a home or hotel or anything like that.”

Cruise ships became even bigger users of electricity over the past 50 years as methods of propulsion changed.

At one time, ships plied the ocean on sails, which were supplanted by steam power, then oil-fired engines. As recently as 10 years ago, Norwegian Cruise Line’s vessel the Norway used steam boilers to make its propellers spin.

After the 1970s, cruise lines increasingly adopted diesel generators to provide power because they offer the best combination of energy efficiency and redundancy, Jackson said.

The key components in such systems are the large 8- to 16-cylinder diesel engines, which burn oil and turn a crankshaft connected to an alternator to create electricity.

Carnival TriumphMost sizeable cruise ships have six main engines in two engine rooms. Buried in the depths of the ship, the engine rooms are hot and incredibly noisy. The ship’s engineers monitor them from a self-contained control room full of gauges and displays.

From the engines, the electricity goes through cables to a switchboard, which distributes it to various uses. The switchboards are arrayed in head-high cabinets running the length of a corridor. To ensure redundancy, there are at least two main switchboards.

The power from the generators is relatively high voltage, which can only be used directly for some functions such as propulsion and air conditioning. For other uses, the voltage must be stepped down by means of transformers to standard 220- and 110-volt systems, so that most of the hotel equipment, such as clothes washers and dryers, can use it.

The final two important pieces of electrical equipment are for propulsion. The propellers are turned by a large electric motor, in which, like all electric motors, cable windings create magnetic pulses that spin a shaft.

To vary the speed of the spin, the motors have a cycloconverter, so that a constant voltage from the engines can be easily and nimbly managed to quicken or slow the propellers.

Breakdowns in any of these components can result in ships that are unable to move.

A rotating propulsion pod being installed.In 2011, MSC Cruises cited a faulty electrical panel for a blackout that ended a Baltic cruise in Stockholm. Passengers were flown home, and the next cruise was canceled.

Last year, most of a 17-day voyage on the Azamara Quest was canceled after a fire caused a blackout on the ship off the Philippines.

A month earlier, a generator fire on the Costa Allegra left it adrift for three days in the Indian Ocean, without hotel services for its 636 passengers.

And earlier this year, Princess Cruises canceled a voyage on the Sun Princess from Singapore as people arrived at the terminal, because a switchboard failed following a 14-day drydock at a nearby yard.

Some electrical failures have triggered government investigations.

In 2010, the Cunard Line’s Queen Mary 2 was approaching Barcelona when there was an abrupt explosion in one of its switchboards.

In that case, the U.K.’s Marine Accident Investigation Branch reported that a component designed as insulation had vaporized after an electric arc shot through it, creating pressure that knocked a steel fireproof door nearly off of its hinges.

“The amount of energy released was easily capable of causing fatal injuries,” the investigative branch reported.

The agency warned all cruise operators of the threat posed by “harmonic distortion,” a vulnerability with some motor designs that supplier ABB likens to “electrical pollution.”

Investigators said it was fortunate the blackout didn’t cause any navigational problems.

“However,” the report continued, “losing control of a large cruise liner due to an electrical blackout, with 3,823 people onboard, is a serious concern. This accident demonstrates how electrical instability can cause unpredictable and potentially disastrous consequences in marine high-voltage electrical networks.”

Removal of a damaged pod from the Celebrity Millennium.Carnival PLC, the British iteration of Carnival Corp., has taken at least three steps to reduce the chances the problem will reoccur, the report said.

A new design for independent propulsion modules has also increased the number of cruises canceled for electrical reasons.

About 20 years ago, ships began to be built with their electric motors at the end of a strut beneath the ship in a self-contained pod. The concept was developed by ABB and Finland’s Kvaerner Masa Yards. Kvaerner Masa called its product an Azipod, a reference to the 360-degree measure of a compass, connoting the pod’s ability to rotate 360 degrees.

“The advantage of a pod is they give you this phenomenal maneuverability in the water, because the pods can rotate around,” said Celebrity Cruises President Michael Bayley.

“So it allows you to move with more delicacy and more efficiency,” he said. But the pod’s Achilles’ heel has been its spotty reliability. “It is an incredibly complex piece of equipment,” Bayley said.

The Millennium developed its problem on a cruise between Vancouver and Seward, Alaska, when a coil on the motor burned out. The ship was idled for three days for repairs, but on the next cruise a similar thing happened in a different part of the motor.

“We lost a little bit of confidence in that [motor],” said Greg Purdy, vice president for operations at Celebrity.

Because the inside of the pod is so cramped, the practical way to effect major repairs is to remove the pod entirely in a drydock. So Celebrity had to cancel the balance of the Millennium’s seven-day cruise, plus all of four other cruises, to send the ship to Grand Bahama Island for repairs.

One Wall Street analyst estimated that the cost of refunds, transportation for passengers, repairs and the cancelled cruises totaled $31 million.

The Celebrity Millennium developed its propulsion problem when a coil on the motor burned out.Pod issues have plagued cruise lines from Carnival to Celebrity to Cunard, repeatedly forcing ships out of service.

On early models, the bearings tended to burn out prematurely. In 2011, Carnival Corp. won a $24 million jury verdict in a suit claiming damages from the failure of the Queen Mary 2’s pods.

The year before, Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. settled out of court and received compensation from the same manufacturer, Rolls Royce, after seven years of litigation.

Carnival Cruise Lines was an early adopter of pods, putting them on six ships beginning with the Elation in 1998. But by 2000, it had to cancel cruises for a pod breakdown on the Paradise and for preventive maintenance on the Elation.

Carnival moved away from the new technology as it began building more ships at Italy’s Fincantieri shipyard.

“The shaft-driven propeller, they’re very reliable,” said Carnival’s Jackson. “If you have a bearing issue in the water, you can change it with divers relatively easily. If you have a problem with a pod, basically the only choice you have is to pull the ship out of the water.”

That said, Carnival’s next ship, the Vista, will use pods. Fincantieri is starting to feel more comfortable with the technology, Jackson said.

After a drydock to replace the defective propulsion pod, the Celebrity Millennium was refloated.The Carnival Vista, and the rest of Carnival’s fleet eventually, will also feature not one but two backup generators. The emergency generator held in reserve for vital functions like navigation and engine-room controls will be supplemented by another that will provide hotel services.

The two will also back up each other, providing more redundancy. When the emergency generator on the Carnival Dream failed earlier this year, Carnival ended a Caribbean cruise early rather than sail without it.

“This is kind of the backup to the backup,” Jackson said. With a second auxiliary generator, a Carnival ship can lose both engine rooms and still have power to run elevators, to make sure all the toilets function, to have hot food for guests and at least some air conditioning.

The auxiliary generator will be connected to both the main switchboard and the emergency switchboard so it can be run through one or the other depending on the need.

“It will have multiple means that it can provide power,” Jackson said.